Η ΣΧΕΣΗ ΤΗΣ ΕΚΠΑΙΔΕΥΣΗΣ ΠΡΟΣΩΠΙΚΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΤΗΣ ΔΙΑΧΕΙΡΙΣΗΣ ΚΙΝΔΥΝΩΝ ΕΡΓΑΤΙΚΩΝ ΑΤΥΧΗΜΑΤΩΝ ΣΕ ΑΠΟΘΗΚΕΥΤΙΚΟΥΣ ΧΩΡΟΥΣ. Η ΠΕΡΙΠΤΩΣΗ ΒΙΟΜΗΧΑΝΙΑΣ ΕΜΦΙΑΛΩΣΗΣ ΣΤΗΝ ΠΕΡΙΟΧΗ ΤΗΣ ΒΟΙΩΤΙΑΣ

Abstract

Στην παρακάτω εργασία μας διερευνάται η σχέση της εκπαίδευσης προσωπικού και της διαχείρισης κινδύνων εργατικών ατυχημάτων σε αποθηκευτικούς χώρους. Πιο συγκεκριμένα γίνεται μια ανάλυση ενός εργοκεντρικού πρότυπου διαχείρισης κινδύνων . Για κάθε ένα από τα δομικά στοιχεία του προτύπου : εντοπισμός, ανάλυση ,αντιμετώπιση και παρακολούθηση κινδύνων αναλύεται η σχέση τους με την εκπαίδευση προσωπικού . Επιπρόσθετα  μια παρουσίαση των διαδικασιών διαχείρισης κινδύνων εργατικών ατυχημάτων σε έναν αποθηκευτικό χώρο μεγάλης ελληνικής βιομηχανίας εμφιάλωσης αναψυκτικών παρατίθεται προς επίρρωση των ευρημάτων του μέρους της ανάλυσης του προτύπου. Στην εργασία για πρώτη φόρα γίνεται η σύνδεση του εργοκεντρικού προτύπου διοίκησης κινδύνων εργατικών ατυχημάτωνμε την εκπαίδευση προσωπικού. Τέλος, δίνονται προτάσεις για περαιτέρω έρευνα. 

ABSTRACT

Risks play an important role in all modern business processes .For this reason management science deals thoroughly and intensively with risk management. Based on this, we apply a project-based risk management standard to job safety in the warehouses. Furthermore we explore the relationship between personnel education and risk management standard. Before we proceed to the analysis we provide a definition of risk , hazard and danger . Risk  is the exposure to a hazard, hazard is a situation of risk or danger while danger is a liability or exposure to harm  . In the literature we observe that two main risks have been analyzed the risk of fire and the risk of personnel injury. A number of papers deal with the development of safety processes whereas another number of papers the development of business culture and labor behavior directed to warehouse safety. Last but not least, literature concerns job safety standards in  geographical areas or industries. Our paper is consisted of four (4) parts . In the first part, the reasons for job safety is analyzed. In the second part the management is presented and its relation with personnel education whereas on the third part a case study is provided. On the last part further research is proposed

    After second World War emphasis is given to the importance of human resource management for the achievement of satisfactory business performance. Firms became concerned for the job safety . Main reasons for this are three. The first reason is the enhancement of safety standards reduces probability of an  accident and consequently the amounts paid for victims’ compensations  . The second reason is that companies with high job safety standards can achieve substantial increases in their financial revenues since they can attract socially responsible investors. The last reason is that firms with safe workplaces enjoy high level of labor morale and increased level of labor ‘s productivity . Safe workplaces attract capable and skilled logistics and warehouse personnel. To achieve the above mentioned benefits, organizations have to plan and implement an educational program which applies risk management standard to job safety and ensures the continuous improvement of job safety standards. Main objective for an educational program is the development of safety culture . The safety culture should influence the way business operations carried out.

   Risk identification is the first element of the standard. It concerns the listing of all risks for the job safety .There are three ways to enlist risks , the first is according to processes , the second is according to warehouse systems  and the third is according to warehouse areas. To efficiently identify risks the warehouse management must freely talk about them with the employees. Ways for the risk information exchange are risk checklists and interviews . Concerning the job safety education , an educational program must focus on potential dangers , the dangerous places and  machinery and the dangerous workers’ habits  as well. The program must also inform workers for the safety management hierarchy in order to be clear to workers to whom  they can mention the identified dangers. Last but not least, the program should mention the presence of safety technician

   Risk analysis is based on the formula : Risk Rating = [probability, p]x[severity, s] x [frequency, F]. The values of risk rating is an evaluation criterion for the impact of a danger. In the case we would like to assess a set of risks and not just one, fault tree method can be applied These graphical networks easily offer the probability of a set of  dangers. Another method for risk evaluation is Job Safety Analysis . A safety educational program must enhance  workers’ skills and capabilities to analyze risks. Especially for new  employees the program must motivate to study thoroughly safety manuals.

   In the risk response analysis, we distinguish two strategies , proactive and reactive. The first strategy focuses on the causes of the dangers whereas the second focuses on the effects of dangers. The proactive strategies include activities for a) safe place b) safe person c) safe hygiene d) safe equipment e) safe work behavior f) danger sensitive. The reactive strategies include a) crisis management plans b) feedback for the plans c) improvement of the plans. Risk response also includes crisis management procedures . The educational program must persuade the workers that the protective measures and equipment are for their safety. It also must focus  on stress management , personnel capability to forecast and evaluate dangers , communication during crisis , crisis job allocation and effects management

The last element of the standard , risk monitoring includes safety checks, system and standard inspection , safety tours , accident examination.  Business education should develop a safety culture which leads to more efficient risk monitoring.

 Our case study concerns a bottling company located in Viotia prefecture . The plant is certified according to OHSAS 18000 job safety standard and has also the Job Safety Dangers Analysis . Concerning risk management standard we observe the following

Risk identification : the firm uses two procedures “Job Safety Dangers Analysis” and “about to happen accidents”. The last procedure gives as  an output a score which is a safe basis for job safety risk identification. Risk information exchange is carried out by the employees’ committee for hygiene and safety

Risk Analysis  It is included in the Job Safety Dangers Analysis and uses the formula presented in risk analysis section. Concerning educational program for risk analysis ,company has implemented an introductory program which mainly focus on the study of safety manual.

Risk response : Company has proactive and reactive strategies . The first ones mainly focus on the protective equipment whereas the second ones focus on crisis management plans. Company periodically organizes simulation exercises for fire accidents and first aid seminars .

Risk monitoring : Company monitors risks through checklists filled by safety technician. The checklist includes examination of human resources and their working behaviors ,machinery , infrastructure . The standard is reviewed according to new safety needs. Company also keeps accident records. 

For further research we can propose the risk management standard for job safety for all logistics processes and an study for the risk management standards for all companies located to Viotia prefecture.